Colette Smit
Epidemiologist
I’m working as an epidemiologist at the Stichting HIV Monitoring. The main focus of my research is developing statistical models to understand the role of hepatitis B and C co-infection in the HIV disease progression and the impact of treatment of co-infections in this progression. I also work on mathematical models that measure the quality of HIV care in the Dutch HIV treatment centres. This work has been done in collaboration with the Department of infectious disease Epidemiology of Imperial College London.
HIV co-infections
Hepatitis B&C
As a result of shared routes of transmission, hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) are highly prevalent amongst HIV-infected individuals. HBV is a common infection amongst injecting drug users and homosexual men. HCV is mostly transmitted by injecting drug use or through blood or blood contact. Since 2000, HCV infections amongst HIV-infected MSM who did not report injecting drug use have been observed in Western countries. These infections were not likely to be caused by blood contact, suggesting that among MSM HCV acquisition is predominantly through sexual contact. Irrespective of co-infection with HIV, HBV and HCV infections are associated with liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, HIV infection alters the natural history of HBV and HCV and progression of HBV and HCV-related liver disease is accelerated by the presence of HIV. The impact of HBV and HCV on the progression of HIV is still unclear.
Sexually transmitted infections
Sexually transmitted infections (STI’s) are relatively frequent amongst HIV-infected individuals and especially amongst young adults and homosexual men. STI’s are considered as a marker for sexual risk behaviour in specific populations. Therefore, by monitoring trends in the occurrence of STI’s amongst HIV-infected individuals we may improve our understanding of changes in risk behaviour over time.
Quality of HIV care
In the study of quality of care, much attention is given to internal processes, sometimes including a comparison of the different centres to a national average. However this comparison of different centres is not straightforward, because the indicators of good patient management and successful initiation of combination anti retroviral treatment can be influenced by the profile of the patients and by the attributes of the centre itself. We have been working on a mathematical model that explains differences between different treatment centres and we are looking for indicators to determine quality of HIV care.
Selected publications
- Boer K, Smit C, van der Flier M, de Wolf F; on behalf of the ATHENA cohort study group. The comparison of the performance of two screening strategies identifying newly diagnosed HIV during pregnancy. Eur J Public Health. 2010 Nov 4
- Eline L.M. Op de Coul, J.W.M. (Yolanda) van Weert, Petra J. Oomen, Colette Smit, C.P.B. (Kitty) van der Ploeg, Susan J.M. Hahné, Daan W. Notermans en Marianne A.B. van der Sande. Prenatale screening op HIV, hepatitis B en syfilis in Nederland effectief. NED TIJDSCHR GENEESKD. 2010;154:A2175
- Kesselring AM, Gras L, Wit FW, Smit C, Geerlings SE, Mulder JW, Schreij G, Sprenger HG, Reiss P, de Wolf F. Immune restoration and onset of new AIDS-defining events with combination antiretroviral therapy in HIV type-1-infected immigrants in the Netherlands. Antivir Ther. 2010;15(6):871-9.
- Hillebregt M, de Lange-de Klerk E, Knol D, de Wolf F, Smit C. Measuring the Quality of Data Collection in a Large Observational Cohort of HIV and AIDS. Open AIDS J. 2010 May 5;4:96-102
- Hallett TB, Smit C, Garnett GP, de Wolf F. Estimating the risk of HIV transmission from homosexual men receiving treatment to their HIV-uninfected partners. Sex Transm Infect. 2010 Jul 18.
- Zhang S, van Sighem A, Gras L, Reiss P, Smit C, Kroon F, Jurriaans S, Prins J, Lange J, de Wolf F. Clinical significance of transient HIV type-1 viraemia and treatment interruptions during suppressive antiretroviral treatment. Antivir Ther. 2010;15(4):555-62.
- de Boer-van der Kolk IM, Sprangers MA, Prins JM, Smit C, de Wolf F, Nieuwkerk PT. Health-related quality of life and survival among HIV-infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy: a study of patients in the AIDS Therapy Evaluation in the Netherlands (ATHENA) Cohort. Clin Infect Dis. 2010 Jan 15;50(2):255-63.
- Smit C, Hallett TB, Lange J, Garnett G, de Wolf F. Late entry to HIV care limits the impact of anti-retroviral therapy in The Netherlands. PLoS One. 2008 Apr 9;3(4):e1949.
- de Vries HJ, van der Bij AK, Fennema JS, Smit C, de Wolf F, Prins M, Coutinho RA, Morré SA. Lymphogranuloma venereum proctitis in men who have sex with men is associated with anal enema use and high-risk behavior. Sex Transm Dis. 2008 Feb;35(2):203-8.
- Smit C, van den Berg C, Geskus R, Berkhout B, Coutinho R, Prins M. Risk of hepatitis-related mortality increased among hepatitis C virus/HIV-coinfected drug users compared with drug users infected only with hepatitis C virus: a 20-year prospective study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2008 Feb 1;47(2):221-5.
- Smit C, Pfrommer C, Mindel A, Taylor J, Spaargaren J, Berkhout B, Coutinho R, Dukers NH. Rise in seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus type 1 among highly sexual active homosexual men and an increasing association between herpes simplex virus type 2 and HIV over time (1984-2003). Eur J Epidemiol. 2007;22(12):937-44. Epub 2007 Oct 10.
- Van Den Berg C, Smit C, Van Brussel G, Coutinho R, Prins M; Amsterdam Cohort.
Full participation in harm reduction programmes is associated with decreased risk for human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus: evidence from the Amsterdam Cohort Studies among drug users. Addiction. 2007 Sep;102(9):1454-62. - van den Berg CH, Smit C, Bakker M, Geskus RB, Berkhout B, Jurriaans S, Coutinho RA, Wolthers KC, Prins M. Major decline of hepatitis C virus incidence rate over two decades in a cohort of drug users. Eur J Epidemiol. 2007;22(3):183-93. Epub 2007 Mar 3.
- Lindenburg CE, Krol A, Smit C, Buster MC, Coutinho RA, Prins M. Decline in HIV incidence and injecting, but not in sexual risk behaviour, seen in drug users in Amsterdam: a 19-year prospective cohort study. AIDS. 2006 Aug 22;20(13):1771-5.
- Smit C, Geskus R, Walker S, Sabin C, Coutinho R, Porter K, Prins M; CASCADE Collaboration. Effective therapy has altered the spectrum of cause-specific mortality following HIV seroconversion. AIDS. 2006 Mar 21;20(5):741-9.
- Smit C, Lindenburg K, Geskus RB, Brinkman K, Coutinho RA, Prins M. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) among HIV-infected drug users: a prospective cohort study of sexual risk and injecting behaviour. Addiction. 2006 Mar;101(3):433-40.
- Smit C, Geskus R, Uitenbroek D, Mulder D, Van Den Hoek A, Coutinho RA, Prins M. Declining AIDS mortality in Amsterdam: contributions of declining HIV incidence and effective therapy. Epidemiology. 2004 Sep;15(5):536-42.
- Spaargaren J, Verhaest I, Mooij S, Smit C, Fennema HS, Coutinho RA, Salvador Peña A, Morré SA. Analysis of Chlamydia trachomatis serovar distribution changes in the Netherlands (1986-2002). Sex Transm Infect. 2004 Apr;80(2):151-2.
- Van Den Hof S, Smit C, Van Steenbergen JE, De Melker HE. Hospitalizations during a measles epidemic in the Netherlands, 1999 to 2000. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2002 Dec;21(12):1146-50.
